INS mutations have a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from severe neonatal onset to mild adult onset, which suggests that the products of different mutant INS alleles behave differently and utilize distinct mechanisms to induce diabetes.
Elevated concentrations of M-HDL particles and elevated levels of HDL-associated PON1 may contribute to long-term protection from the vascular complications of diabetes by pathways that are independent of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
Furthermore, the antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in liver were increased and malondialdehyde level was decreased with AESA treatment compared with those in the DM group.
Data seem to suggest that lower levels of adiponectin, and higher levels of resistin can be predictive of a future diabetes in obese people, even years before the disease onset.
Here we review the evidence supporting a role for the ACC/malonyl-CoA/CPT-1 axis in the control of GSIS and its particular importance under conditions of elevated fatty acids (e.g. fasting, excess nutrients, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes).
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are two classes of antidiabetic agents used in the management of diabetes based on incretin hormones.
GLP-1 therapy is effective concerning weight loss in overweight patients and is more often used in females and patients with shorter diabetes duration.
These studies highlight the clear, and persistent, metabolic advantages of sustained activation of GLP-1 receptors, alongside concurrent activation of related GIP and xenin cell signalling pathways, in diabetes.
We investigated associations of antibodies against the 65 kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes genetic risk scores and incident diabetes in adults in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct, a case-cohort study nested in the EPIC cohort.
Cognitive impairment with diabetes mellitus and metabolic disease: innovative insights with the mechanistic target of rapamycin and circadian clock gene pathways.
Modulation of platelet function by diabetes agents in addition to their hypoglycemic effects would contribute to cardiovascular protection Newly introduced antidiabetic drugs of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors may have anti-platelet effects, and in the case of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA may contribute to their proven cardiovascular benefit that has been shown clinically.
Also, attention was diverted away from GIP by the successful development of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and a therapeutic strategy for GIP became uncertain when evidence emerged that both inhibition and enhancement of GIP action could prevent or reverse obese non-insulin dependent forms of diabetes in rodents.
Significantly, co-transfer of Ptpn22 KD B cells with NY8.3 diabetogenic T cells diminished the frequency of diabetes in recipient NOD.scid mice compared with co-transfer of WT B cells.
To elucidate the association of frataxin with the pathophysiology of diabetes, we evaluated the mRNA levels of frataxin in leukocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).